INDOPUI 2-NA LEH INDIA ZALENNA INLAICHIN DAN

Ziaktu: Dr. Lalzarzoa, Department of History, Gov’t. J Buana College, Lunglei

Mizo tena Indopui 2-na tia kan sawi thin ‘World War II’ khan India-in zalenna a neih theihna turah nghawng pawimawh tak tak a nei a, India-in zalenna a hmuhna tur kawng a rawn sial kaw ruak ti te pawhin a sawi theih awm e.  India zalenna thlen champhaah hian chu thu i lo ngaihtuah tlang dawn ila:

Indopui 2-na chungchang tawi:

Indopui 2-na chuan September 1, 1939 atanga September 2, 1945 chhung a awh a,  he indopuiah hian Allies - United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, China leh an tanrualpui ram te leh Axis – Germany, Italy, Japan leh an tanrualpui ramte an inbei a ni. Hetih lai hian India chu United Kingdom awpna hnuaiah a awm lai niin British India tia sawi leh hriat thin a ni. Indian National Congress (INC) ten India zalenna atana nasa taka beihpui an thlak mek lai a ni. Indopui 2-na a lo thlen tak thutah chuan India ram awptu (viceroy) Lord Linlithgow chuan, September 3, 1939-ah India rama hruaitu lawk leh mi pawimawhte hnenah, India pawhin he Indopui 2-na hi British lal ram tana bei turin a zawm ve tih a hrilh a. Chu thu chuan  INC chu a ti thinur em em a, chutiang thutlukna lian siam anih hmaa rawn anni miah lo te chu an lungawilohna ti zualtu a ni.

Indopui 2-naah India sipaite:

Indopui 2-naah hian British tana bei turin India ram atangin sipai nuai 25 chuang tel tir anni a, an zinga sipai sing riat chuangin nunna an chan phah hial a ni. India a sipai hotulu ber ni thin Field Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck chuan “Indopui 1-na leh 2-naah khan British-in India sipaite te ruai tel lo ta se, anmahni chauh chuan an paltlang zo lo vang,” a lo ti hial a ni.

British hian kum 1857 hnulamah kha chuan, India mite zingah sipai an lak reng rengin an thuawih thei tura an hriat,  hnam thlan bik ‘martial race’ tia an sawi te deuh chauh an la thin a, chung ho chu hnam huaisen leh ral hrat nimahse kaihhruai awlsam leh an laka rinawm bur thin nia a hriatte anni tlangpui. Indopui 2-na a lo thlen takah chuan sipai indaihlohna a lo thleng nasa a, an ‘hnam thlan bik’ ten daih seng ta hek lo, hnam tin chitin reng sipaiah an la ta chur chur a, chung ho erawh British laka rinawm bur anni ta vek lem lo.

India sipaite chu British ram chhan nan khawvel hmun hrang hrangah tirhchhuah anni a, British sawrkar chak tawk lohna te pawh tawnhriat tam tak an nei chho ta zel a ni. Chumaibakah, ram hrang hrang an va hmuh te hmasawnna te leh India mipuite retheih zia te a takin an va tawng a, rualawhna tam tak an chhar chhuak a ni. British sipai rawih nimahse, India zalenna atana duhtu tam tak an zingah an imphum tak teuhah chuan, British tan pawh chung India sipaite chu tangkaipui aiin anmahni do lettuah an chang chho ve ta zel a. Chung hote chu, a hnu leh zelah India zalenna sualtute tana lamtang tha takah an rawn chang a, British tana hnawksak annih laiin India zalenna sualna kawngah hlawkna rawn thlentute anni.

Quit India Movement

India-in British tana sum leh pai (British pawisa a chhutin £1.5 tluklehdingawn a tling) leh sipai thahnem tak Indopui 2-naah a pechhuak chung hian, British sawrkar chuan INC-in India tana zalenna an sual kawngah, chanchin lawmawm lam a thlen tir ta chuang lo a ni. INC hruaitute ngaihdanah chuan, India-in British sawrkar tana hetiang taka sum leh pai leh sipai a thawh that em avang hian, India chuan duhsakna sang tak a dawn an beisei viau a, mahse, an beisei erawh chhanin a awm lem lo. Hetiang boruak a nih chhoh tak zelah chuan, INC chuan kum 1942-ah Bombay-ah session an nei a, Mahatma Gandhi rawtna angin, India ram atanga British te an chhuah ngei ngeina tur thu rolum, ‘Quit India Movement’ kalpui zai an rel ta a ni. British lamin Indopui an hmachhawn mek lai anih avangin, INC-te thilphut chu ngaihtuah theih chi ziazang a ni ta lo a ni. Boruak khap daih nan INC hruaitu lawk zawng zawng deuh thaw te chu tan inah khung anni ta zawk a, amaherawhchu, India mipui ten INC hmalakna rampumah an thlawp that em avangin, zalenna beihpui chu a hma aiin a par a chhuang nasa ta zawk tho a ni.

India ram retheihna tizualtu Indopui 2-na:

Zirmi ten an chhut danin Indopui 2-na lai hian, British sum hnar bulpui pakhat chu India hi a ni a, indonaa an senso leh mamawh tam zawk hi India atanga an chawk luh a ni. India rama thil siamchhuahna tam tak ten an hlawkpui viau laiin, ram pumah mipuite tan sum leh pai harsatna bakah khawsak phung leh ei leh bar zawn a tikhaihlak nasa em em thung a ni. Mipuite mamawh aia indona atana mamawh siamchhuah a tam tak zawkah chuan tam leh harsatna hrang hrangin India ram a tuam nasa ta hle a ni. Chung zingah chuan, Bengal rama tam nasa tak rawn thleng (Bengal Famine 1943-44) te kha khawvel huap pawha thil rapthlak tawp a tling a, riltam leh hrileng vangin mi maktaduai thum chuangin nunna an chan nia chhut a ni.

Subhash Chandra Bose hmalakna:

INC hruaitute zinga mi Subhash Chandra Bose chuan, Indopui 2-na thlen lai hian, India zalenna neih theihna tur kawng tha zawk nia a rin chu British hmelma lam Axis te thurualpui a ni. Germany leh Japan sawrkar te a belbul a, indonaa tel India mi British sipaia tangte chu lam tangah siamin Indian National Army (INA) a din ta a ni. Japan sawrkar hriatpuiin Singapore-ah kum 1943 khan India sawrkar lailawk, Azad Hind Government a din ta nghe nghe a ni. Indopui 2-naa Japan sipaite chakna hmang tangkaiin khawchhak lam atanga India an rawn pan a, INA sipaite nen India ram atanga British rawn umchhuah an tum a, amaherawhchu, Japan an tlawm leh tak si avangin an tum angin thil a kal tluang ta lo a ni. Subhash Chandra Bose hmalakna erawh chuan kawng tam takah rah tha a chhuah tho a, India mi sipaia tangte zingah British huatna leh India zalenna tura thahnemngaihna chi a tuh tha em em a ni.

Subhash Chandra Bose-a din INA a an sipai hruaitu thenkhatte hi, Indopui 2-na a zawh hnuin British sawrkarin an chungchang a ngaihtuah a, na taka hremna pek an tum laiin INC leh mipuiten na takin an thlavang an hauh tlat a, British sawrkar pawhin hremna an pek chuan, buaina lian zawk India ramah a thleng thei tih an rin avangin hrem lovin an chhuah zalen leh ta zawk a ni. Chung INA sipai an chhuah tak te chuan ram chhung hmung hrang hrang an tlawh kual a, an kalna apiangah mipui ten lo lawmin chawimawina an lo hlan zel a ni. Chu thil thleng chuan India mite tanrualna that zia a lan chian tir em em a, British lam pawhin India miten zalenna neih an duhna chu khap beh rual a ni dawn lo tih an ring thiam ta hle.

Lawng sipaite paw’n nawrh zai an rel:

Indopui 2-na chhung hian British sawrkarin India mi lawng sipaia (Royal Indian Navy) a lak te chu, kum 1942 atanga 1945 chhungin, an mahni enkawltu British sipai hotuten an enkawl danah lungawi lovin helna vawi kua zet an chawk chhuak nia sawi a ni.  Indopui a lo zawh takah hnuah pawh, British sawrkar laka an lungawi lohna chu an chhunzawm ta zel a, kum 1946 khan India lawng sipaiten helna lian tham tak an chawkchhuak a, chu chu ‘Royal Indian Navy Mutiny’ emaw ‘The Naval Mutiny of 1946’ tia sawi thin a ni. He lawng sipaite helna hian India rama lawng chawlhna lian zawng zawng a nghawng tia sawi theih a ni a, he helnaah hian sipaite mai bakah lawng chawlhna awmna khawpuia cheng mipuite pawn an zawm tha em em a ni. He thil thleng hi a hnuah British chuan an khap dai thei ta a, mahse, India rama lawng sipate lakah buaina dang awm leh ta se, sipaite chu an lam tang anni tawh dawn lo tih an chiang hle. British lam pawhin India sipaite ber an chungah an lawm loh chuan, awp beh reng chu an tana thil harsa tak a ni chho zel dawn tih chu an chiang viauin a rinawm.

Indopui 2-nain British sawrkar nasa takin a nghawng:

Kum 1941 August ni 14 khan, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt leh British Prime Minister Winston Churchill te chuan, Indopui 2-na a lo tawp huna khawvel ram hrang hrang ten remna leh muanna an neih theih nan inremna thuthlung an siam a, chu chu ‘Atlantic Charter’ tih a ni. Heta an thuthlung ziaha tihhlawhtlin an tum zingah hian, ram hrang hrang ten mahnia rorelna an nei theih dan tur te leh ram mipuite duhdan kalhin ramri siam danglam a ni lo ang tih te sawi lan a ni. Hetianga British-in ‘Atlantic Charter’ a rawn sawichhuah takah chuan, a awp mek ram tam takin zalenna neih an beiseina pawh a sang hle a ni. Amaherawhchu, British PM Churchill-a chuan, chu thuthlung chu an hmelma Germany leh an tanrualpuite tan chauha siam a nih thu a sawi ve tlat thung.

Indopui 2-na chu kum 1945-ah a lo zo a, British sawrkar pawh khawvel ram hrang hrangah remna leh muanna a awm theih nana a meizanghlaptu berah a rawn tang chho ta a ni. United Nations (U.N) dinchhuaktu zingah an tel a. U.N chuan indopui a zawh hnua khawvel ram hrang hranga sawrkar lian ten ramte zawk an awpte chu tih tawp a, zalenna pek tumin chak takin hma an rawn la chho ta a ni. Chutiang anih mek laia, British ten India ram an lo la awp chhunzawm zel pawh chu, khawvel sawrkar dangte lakah hmaiphih tur zau tak an nei tihna a ni.

Chumai bakah, British sawrkar chu Indopui 2-naah nasa taka an inhman dak avangin an ram ei leh bar zawnna kawng  leh sum leh pai lakluh pawn nasa takin a tuar a,  leiba tam tak an nei chho a ni. Indopui 2-na zawha British-in leiba a neih hi  Pound (£) tluklehdingawn 21 vel nia sawi a ni. Chutianga leiba nei tun chung chuan, khawvel hmun hrang hranga an awp ram te enkawl chhunzawm zel chu thil huphurhawm takah a chang chho ta bawk. Chung zingah chuan, India ram enkawl chhunzawm zel pawh, an tan chuan sum leh pai senso tur chhutin chhunzawm ai chuan chhuahsan mai chu thil finthlak tak tur a nihna lai a awm.

Kum 1945 July thlaah United Kingdom-ah inthlanpui neih a ni a, Labour Party ten sawrkarna changin Clement Attlee chu Prime Minister thar a rawn ni a. A tawi zawngin sawi ta ila, ani kaihhruai sawrkar hnuaiah hian an ram sum leh pai dinhmun chhe tak chu siamthat nan kawng hrang hrangin hma an la a, an awp ram thenkhat atanga inhnuhdawh chu an ram sum leh pai siamthat nana tih loh theih loh thil a rawn chang ta a ni. Chung zingah chuan India ram chu kum 1947 August ni 15-ah khan British lak atangin zalenna pumhlum pek a lo ni ta a ni. British-in India leh Pakistan hnena a ni zawna zalenna a pe ta mai chu, Indopui 2-na avanga an ram sum leh pai dinhmun a chhiat em avangin an tana thil tih makmawh a ni ve reng a ni tiin zirmi thenkhat chuan an tarlang.

A chunga kan sawilan tak ang hian, Indopui 2-na khan India ramin zalenna a neih theihna tur kawngah nghawng nasa tak a nei tih kan hre thei awm e. Zalenna ni hman nuam vek ule.

(He ka thuziak hi 15 August 2024 khan Vanglaini chanchinbu-ah chhuah a ni tawh a ni)