Sap leh Kawl ho indo (Anglo-Burmese War) leh an inremna thuthlung (Treaty of Yandabo) in kan hnam nunah nghawng a nei ve em?

Ziaktu: Dr. Lalzarzoa, YMA, Sialsuk Branch

Kan chhak lawka cheng Kawl ho leh India ram rawn awptu Sap ho kha kum zabi 19-na lai khan an lo indo chiam tawh a, he an Indo hian kan ram leh hnam tan hian nghawng a nei em tih kan ngaihtuah ho dawn a ni. Chung an indo zawng zawng chu kan sawi kim vek thei lo ang a, an indo hmasak ber ‘First Anglo-Burmese War’ chu kum hnih chhung 1824 atanga 1826 chhung a awh a ni. ‘Anglo’ tih chu Sap ram (England) a cheng English mi an tih ho, Mizovin Sap kan tih thin te ho sawina a ni. He indona kan sawi tur pawh hi Sap leh Kawl (Burmese) ho indona tihna a ni.

An indo chhan:

British in India hmarchhak ram an awp hma hian hnam hrang hrangte chuan anmahni a lal neiin mahnia ro in rel in an awm thin a. British ho hian India khawchhak lamah chuan tuna West Bengal ni ta Calcutta hmunah awmhmun khuarin rorelna an kalpui mek a, Burma lal te pawn India hmarchhak ram te chu an thuhnuaia dah tumin an hel fo thin a ni. Chutiang boruak karah chuan kum 1822 khan Burma ho chuan Manipur leh Assam an run a, khawthlang rama an ramri hnaiaha rorel mek British ho tan chuan an hnawksak ta hle a ni.

Manipur te, Assam te leh Arakan lama cheng hnam thenkhat te chuan Calcutta a awm mek British te chu thawhpuiah sawmin Burma rallian dopuiah an sawm a, British te pawh chuan i he lo vin an lo thawhpui nghal a, Cachar leh Jantia ram te pawh British ho chuan an venhim tur ramah an chhal nghal bawk a ni.

Hetiah lai mek hian Burma commander-in-chief Maha Bandula chuan India hmarchhak ram te an hneh theih chuan heng Arakan, Manipur, Assam, Cachar leh Jantia ram te leh Eastern Bengal (tuna Bangladesh ni ta) te hi Burma lalram hnuaiah a awm vek thei dawnin a hria a, chuvangin an ram zauhna dal thei tur British laka na taka hma lak a tulin a hria a ni.

Thuneitu zawk nih inchuhin British leh Burma sipai te chu an in hmachhawn tan ta zauh zauh a, kum 1823 khan Chittagong bula Shalpuri thliarkar chu British sawrkar enkawl East India Company chuan neitu nih an han chuh a. Hemi hnu, a kum leh lawkah chuan Burma lam hian an sipai general chhuanvawr Tahdo Thiri Maha Uzana chu Cachar leh Jaintia rama helna chawkchhuaktute tudai turin an tir a. Chu chu British in lo hriain sipai an tir ve nghal a, Cachar hmunah chuan Burma leh British sipaite chu an inbei ta a. He indo hi a lian thama a intan tak tak hun chu March ni 5, 1824 a ni a, Arakan lama ramri chungchang a buaina vanga lo alh chhuak a ni.

British te hian Bengal chhak lama ram zauh an duh mai bakah hian an sumdawnna kawnga an thilsiamchhuah te hralhna tur hmun tam zawk an duh em em a, chuvangin ram zauh zel hi an tuipui lo thei lo ve bawk a ni.

Chubakah chuan, an elpui em em zinga mi French ho vin Burma ram chhunga lawngchawlhna te an hman khapsak an duh em em a, Burma lal laka French ho an tlatlum deuh te pawh an mit a kham viau thin a, chuvangin Burma lal te ho an thuhnuaia dah chu tihmakmawhah an ngai a ni.

An indona hmunte tlangpui:

Western Theatre:

Anglo-Burmese war hi hmun hrang hrangah an nei a, Burma Commander-in-chief Maha Bandula ho vin hmun hnih atangin British te hi an bei a, Arakan atangin Chittangong lam an bei a, Sylhet atangin Cachar leh Jaintia lam an bei bawk a ni. Bandula hian Arakan lam a ho a, Uzana-a’n Cachar leh Jaintia lam a ho bawk a ni.

Burma sipaite hi Manipur leh Assam ramhnuaiah te ral lo do thang tawh an nia, Cachar leh Jaintia lamah pawh British lakah an chak viau a, British sipai ten an hneh lo a chha chu a ni. Chittagong lamah pawh Cox Bazar thlengin hnehna an chang zel a, chu erawh chuan Culcutta lama British ho a ti ralkhel zo ta a, theih tawpin lawng nen sipai an rawn thawn belh chho ta a ni. Dik taka sawi chuan Burma commander Bandula hian a sipai te khap lovin Chittagong lamah hmalam pan zel se chuan Calcutta lama British awm te tan pawh an hlauhawm tham hial nia sawi a ni.

Battle of Yangon:

British ho chuan India hmarchhak leh tuna Bangladesh ram chhung lo nita tlang ramah te Burma ho chu an hneh lo tih hriain Burma ram chhungah an han luhchilh ta thung a. British General Archibald Campbell-a hovin Rangoon khawpui chu lawngin kum 1824 ah an pan a, Burma sipai te pawn an ram chhungah an rawn luhchilh ang tih lo ring lawk bik hek lo, an hmelma te chuan an ram tam hnehna nasa mai sia, an hneh lo chho ta riau a, an sipai general huaisen ral rama thang mek te chu an ko let ta a. British sipaite hian Burma ho hmunpui Shwedagon kulh chu an luhchilh a, Burma sipai te chu kulh pawn lamah an umchhuak ta hum hum mai a ni. Burma sipai te tam zawk mahse a tlem zawk British sipaite hian ralthuam an neih that zawk miau avangin an hneh hlei thei lo a ni.

Battle of Danubyu:

British te chuan Rangoon atanga hla vak lo Danubyu lak tum an bei leh a, Burma general huaisen Bandula hovin an lo bei let a, mahse British lamin laipui leh rocket te an hman avangin an duh angin an lo do let zo ta lo a, a tawpah phei chuan an general Bandula hi rocket kahna hliam tuar lovin a thi ta a ni. A thih tak hnu hian Burma sipaite chuan Danubyu khua hi an rauhsan ta a ni.

Arakan campaign:

British General Archibalh Campbell-a’n Yangon-ah hnehna a chan tak avangin Arakan lam an hawi leh ta a. Kum 1825 February thla khan Arakan-ah Burma sipai te nen an in bei leh a, thla hnih zet an in beih hnuah British lam chuan Arakan lam pawh an thuhnuaiah an dah fel ta a ni.

Inkahhai:

1825 September thlaah thla khat chung inkahhai an puang a, chumi kum nipui lai atangin an indo leh tan a, Arakan leh Assam atangin Burma sipai te chu British ho vin an umchhuak ta a ni. Cachar lamah pawh an la in bei zel a, hetih lai hian inbiakremna kawng an zawng a, British lam hian Arakan, Assam, Manipur leh Tennaserim tuipui kam atang ten Burma sipai te tawlhkir vek turin an phut a, Burma lam hian an pawm thei bik si lo a, abikin Arakan chhuahsan leh indona senso pawisa British in chawi tir an tum chu an pawm thei ta lo a ni.

Battle of Prome:

1825 November thla atangin Burma sipai te chuan a kaw tawpa tan huamin beihpui an thlak ve leh ta a. Battle of Prome an tih chu British sipai te nen an nei leh ta a, thi tha a tang anni tawh bawk a, beih pawh an khirh viau nia sawi a ni.  Amaherawh chu ralthuam nei tha zawk British sipai te chuan a tawpah hnehna an chang leh ta a, Burma sipai hotu huaisen Maha Ne Myo chu December ni 2 ah an that a, a thih hnu hian Burma sipai te chu an mumal thei tawh lo va, Prome khawpui pawh chu British kutah a tlawm leh ta a ni. A chan chhe zawk Burma lam hian December ni 26 ah inremna kawng zawng turin British sipai te lakah palai an tir ta a ni.

Tichuan, Kum 1826 February thlaah chuan inremna thuthlung an ziak fel ta a, chu chu ‘Treaty of Yandabo’ tih a lo ni ta a ni.

Treaty of Yandabo:

Burma sipaite hi an tlawm tak avang hian an inremna thuthlung an ziahah pawh hian British lam chan a tha chungchuang hle a ni: An inremna thuthlung ziah zinga langsar zualte chu:

1. Assam, Manipur, Arakan (Rakhine) leh Tennasserim tuipuikam te chu British kutah a awm tawh ang.

2. Cachar leh Jaintian ramah te Burma an inrawlh tawh lo ang.

3. Indona sum senso Burma in an chawi ang a, a tahtawlin tumli pawisa an pek phal anni ang a, an pawisa chawi tur zat hi British pawisa a chhutin pound maktaduai khat a ni ang.

4. Burma lal thuhmun an ram khawpui Ava leh Culcutta ah te ram palai in tirh tawn phal a ni.

5. Sumdawnna lama thawhhona tur ziah fel a ni.

He inremna ziah a nih hnu hian British chuan Burma ram bakah India hmarchhak leh tuna Bangladesh ram lo nia chhung zawng zawng hi an thuhnuaiah an dah ta tiin a sawi theih awm e.

He indona hian Mizo teah nghawng a nei ve mial em?

Anglo-Burmese War leh Treaty of Yandaboo chungchangah hian tuna kan chenna Mizoram hi chu a tel ve miah lo naa, amaherawhchu, India hmarchhak leh Bangladesh a kan ram thenawm lawk lawkah te an indo bakah British in ram an rawn zauh zel avangin kan ram an rawn thleng teuh tawh hle a ni. He indona hi lo chhuak lo vin inremna thuthlung te lo ziak lo ta se, British te hian kan ram thenawm lawkah hian bu an rawn khuar kher lo mai thei a, kan ram chu kan lalte awpna hnuai mahnia ro inrelin hun rei tak kan la awm chhunzawm zel mai thei a ni.

He indona leh inremna avang hian kan thenawmah Sap ho an lo hnai a, kan chheh velah thingpuihuan te an rawn siam a, kan pi leh pute hunlaia an sai ramchhuahna te chu rawn daidarin awmhmun an rawn khuar a, loh theih lo vin kan hnam pasaltha te khan an zuk run fo thin a nih kha. Chung hunlai chuan Mizo lal ten phai an run fo avang leh Sap ho rorelna hnuaia awm kan thenawm a mi te chu an tihbuai fo avangin, Sap ho tan tak pawh Mizo te khawsak dan chu enliam mai mai a theih ta bik lo a ni. A tawi zawngin sawi ta ila, a hnuah chuan kan ram pawh Sap ho chuan an rawn daidar ta a, kan lal ten an hneh tak miau loh avangin an thuhnuaiah kan lut ve ta nge nge anih kha.

Mahnia lal hran theuh nei a, tu thuhnuaiah mah awm bik lo Mizo lalte leh an mipui te chu roreltu thar Sap ho duhdanin an rorelna kan lo zawm chho ta a. Kan hriat ngai loh dan zawm tur te, leiman chawi tur te, puakphurh tur te a awm chho ta zel a, hetianga kan hnam kaldan leh khawsak dan rawn  inthlak zawng zawng hi sawi sen chi a ni awm lo ve.

Sap ho vin min rawn awp takah chuan khawvel hmun dangah pawh an lo chindan thin ang tho vin missionary ten an rawn zui chhunzawm ve ta a. Chanchintha kan dawnna tur kawng te a rawn inhawng a, Kristianah ka lo in let ta dial anih kha. Chanchintha avangin chatuan nunna kan dawng a, chu chu a hlut zia chu sawiin a siak lo ve. Mahse, heng min rawn awptu sap ngaihsanna erawh kum zabi 21-naah pawh hian thangthar te leh zelah pawh, kan thisenah a la bet tlat a, kan nihna ni miah lo anmahni an tum reng rengin kan la awm phah erawh hi chu ngaihtuahna tisei tu a ni e.

Kan thupui in a tum tak ber erawh chu, Sap missionary te avanga chanchintha kan dawn, chatuan nunna kan neih theihna lo ni ta te, kan rama tlawmngai pawl lian ber YMA te pawh min dinpuitu an rawn nih chhoh tak hialna tur leh kan hnam nunphung pawh a inthlak tak dawrh nan hian eng nge maw thil thleng vanga bul rawn intan chu a awm a lo tul a ni ngei in a rinawm a.  Chu thil thleng pawimawh tak chu a bul thuma han chhut neuh neuh hian tuna kan sawi - Sap ho leh Kawl ho inkara indo lo chhuak a, a hnua inremna thuthlung an ziah te hian a tirah min nghawng ve nghal lem lo mahse, a hnu lamah chuan he kan hnam tan ngei pawh hian nghawng chu a rawn nei chho ve ta zel niin a hriat ta a ni.

(He ka thuziak hi YMA Hmuifang Tlang Group Souvenir-ah chhuah a ni tawh a ni)