INDIA ZALENNA ATANA BEITU HRIAT LAR HLAWH LO - KUT HNATHAWKTUTE, LONEITUTE LEH HNA HNUAIHNUNG THAWKTUTE

 Ziaktu: Dr. Lalzarzoa, Assistant Professor, Dept. of History, Gov’t. J Buana College

India in zalenna a neih champha August ni 15 a lo thlen hian ram pumah ropui taka lawm thin a ni a, he ni ropui takah hian India in zalenna a neih theih nana tha thawhtute chawimawina hun leh an mahni hriatrengna hun te pawh hman thin a ni. Amaherawhchu zalenna ni kan hman thinah hian zalenna sual laia hruaitu ropui tak takte leh hming langsar te chauh hi mi nawlpui rilruah hian hriatchhuah anni fo thin emawni chu aw tih a ngaihtuah theih a ni. Hruaitu ropui leh mi langsarte thathawhte kha a ropui em em a, faka chawimawi pawh an phu reng a ni. Chutiang chiah chuan mite hriat lar loh leh hna hnuaihnung zawk thawktu mi tam takte chuan India in zalenna a neih theih nan tha an lo thawhin, thil pawimawh tak tak an lo huaihawt ve bawk a, chungte chu vawiina India in zalenna a neih champhaah hian kan hriat chhuah a, chawimawina kan pek ve pawh an phu hle a ni.

Tun tuma kan thu ngaihthlak turah pawh hian a thupuiah chuan ‘India zalenna atana beitu hriat lar hlawh lo – Kut hnathawktute, Loneitute leh Hna hnuaihnung thawktute’ tih a ni dawn a ni. Hna hnuaihnung zawk thawktute pawimawhna hi ram pum huap pawha sawi lan a ni tam lo fo thin a, chutiang a nih avang chuan an pawimawhnate leh an hlutnate chu kan ngaihtuah ho dawn a ni.

1.  Kut hnathawktute, loneitute leh hna hnuaihnung zawk thawktute chu India zalenna sual kawngah engtia pawimawh nge an nih? British sawrkarin India an awp lai khan an sum lakluhna bulpui ber leh an innghahna tam ber chu mipui nawlpuite atangin a ni a, chung mi nawlpuite chuan British sawrkar economy kha an siam hlawhtling ti te pawhin kan sawi thei awm e. Britisth in India an awp laia ram chhung hmun hrang hrang inkalpawhna pawimawh ber pakhat chu Rel kawng kha a ni a, rel kawng sial hna hautak zet hnathawktute chu, India mi, hnahnuaihnung thawka inhlawhfate an ni. Hna hahthlak tak tak thawkin, dinhmun hrehawm taka dah chunga chhawr leh rawih anni thin a ni. Assam, Bengal leh India chhim lama thingpui leh coffee chinna hmun, British sawrkar hmalaknaa siamte kha kut hnathawktute thlan chhuak atanga hlawhtling thei a ni bawk. Hei bakah hian, India ram hmun hrang hranga lo leh leilet atanga British sawrkarin chhiah an lakkhawm thinte kha loneitute thawhrimna atanga tih hlawhtlin a ni.

British sawrkarin India an awp chhan kha a bulpui berah chuan, sum leh paia hlawkna tam thei ang ber tel an duh vang a ni. India hausakna a tam thei ang ber sawk chhuah an duh a, sumdawnna an thuhnuaiah an dah vek a, mipuite lak atangin chhiah tam tham tak an lakhawm thin bawk. Mipui nawlpuiten chhiah tam tham tak tak an chawi thin avangin, an ei leh bar zawnna kawngah harsatna tam tak an tawrh phah bakah, an retheitheih phah hle thin a ni. Chutiang dinhmun hrehawm taka an awm avang chuan, hna hnuaihnung zawk thawktute tan chuan zalenna neih chu, hnam puanzar thar neihna ringawt ni lovin, leiba laka fihlimna te, hlawh tha zawk hmuhnate, ram neihna tur dikna chanvo tha zawk neihnate, nitina inhlawhfa thinte tana dinhmun tha zawka dinna tura zalenna pe tur tur a ni.

Loneituten dik lo taka chhiah khawn an dodalte, thil siamchhuahna hmuna hnathawktuten nawrh an huaihawt thinte, tribal hnamten an chenna ramngaw thiah darh duhloh vanga dodalna an huaihawt thinte khan awmzia thuk tak a nei a ni. An ei leh bar hmuhna tur atana nawrh leh dodalna huaihawt anni satliah mai lova, India in zalenna awmze nei zawk a neih theih nan, chung an hmalakna te chuan kawng zau takin a rawng hawng a, mi zawng zawng huap zo a rawn nih tir ta thin a ni.

2. Loneitute lungawilohna leh thingtlang mite dodalna: Kum 1917 khan Bihara Champaran bialah ram neitu mi hausaten loneitute chu chaw atana ei theih thlai lam aiah  rawng thlak nana hman chi ting ching turin an tilui a, loneitu tam takin leiba sang tak tak an neih phah a ni. Chuta loneitute harsatna tawh nasa tak chu hriain Mahatma Gandhi chuan a tlawh ta a, loneitute nen chuan British sawrkar hmalakna laka lungawi lohna Champaran Satyagraha an huaihawt ta a ni. He lungawilohna hi a hlawhtling hle a, ram chhung hmun hrang hrangah a darh ta zel a ni. Gandhi-a tan tak pawh mite hriat a hlawh phah na atan hun pawimawh tak a ni chho ta a ni. Chumai bakah he thil thleng avang hian India mipuiten British laka lungawi lohna an neih chu an rawn ti lian ta hle bawk a ni.

Chumi hnu lawkah chuan kum 1917 leh 1918 chhungin Gujarata Kheda district-ah Mahatma Gandhi ho bawk hian loneituten British sawrkar lak a lungawi lohna an huaihawt leh bawk a ni. Kheda district-a loneitute hian khawkheng avangin tam nasa tak an tawk a, mahse, sawrkar lam chuan loneitute chhiah chawi tur chu an tihhniam sak duh chuang lo va, chhiah sang tak an la lui zel a, loneitute lungawi lo chuan chhiah an chawi duh ta bik lo a ni. He thil thleng avang hian British sawrkar lu pawh hai hle a ni. Hei bakah hian kum 1928-ah Gujarat-a Bardoli bialah loneituten sawrkarin chhiah a lak san lutuk vanga lungawilohna an huaihawt leh bawk a ni. He lungawilohna hi tualchhung hruaitu Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel hovin an nei a, ani chu India zalenna sualtute zinga hruaitu pawimawh tak a ni chho ta a ni.

Heng hmunahte bakah hian India ram hmun hrang hrangah loneituten sawrkar laka lungawilohna an lan tir ta zel a, mi retheiten ram an hman man chhiah pek tur sang lutuk te, ram neituten hlei hluak taka chhiah an khawnte an dodal a, tribal hnamte pawhin an chenna ram ngaw chhuhsak tumtu mi hausate bakah sawrkar lakah te lungawilohna leh dodalna vawi tam tak an huaihawt ta bawk a, an hmalakna hian ram pum a tuam chhuak ta duai duai a ni.

Loneitute leh kut hnathawktu dangte bakah, tribal hnamten hetianga sawrkar dodalna leh lungawilohna an lan tir hian India ram pum a nghawng a, India ram hruaituten zalenna an sual mekna kawngah pawh, a hma lama tel ve lutuk ngai lo heng hna hnuaihnung thawktute zawng zawng pawh hi an rawn tangkai ta em em a, chu chuan zalenna sualna kawngah pawh zau zawka hmalakna kawng a rawng hawng a ni. Hetih laia zalenna sualtu pawl lian ber Indian National Congress ten sawrkar thawhpui duh lohna ‘non‑cooperation’ an huaihawt thinah te leh mipuite thu awih loh luihna ‘Civil Disobedience’ an tihah te  chuan loneitute leh kuthnathawktute hi a thawh hlawk ber berah an rawn tang chho ta thin a ni.

3.  Thil siamchhuahna leh sawrkar hmalakna hrang hranga hnathawktute lungawilohna leh nawrhna: Kan sawi zawh tak chiah loneitute leh kuhnathawk dang dangte bakah hian British sawrkar enkawl thil siamchhuahna leh hmalakna peng hrang hranga inhlawhfate pawhin India mipuiten zalenna an sual meknaah hna ropui tak an thawk ve bawk a ni. Kum zabi 20-na tir lamah khan India ramah hian puan siamchhuahna hmunpui pahnih Bombay leh Ahmedabad-ah a awm a, chubakah chuan Bengal-ah ziza (jute an tih bawk) siamchhuahna hmunpui a awm bawk a, rel kawng pawh ram pum tuam turin siam a ni bawk a, tin, lawngchawlhna hmun hrang hrangah sumdawnna lian tak tak British sawrkar chuan a kalpui bawk a ni.

Chung thil siamchhuahna hmunahte leh rel kawng leh lawngchawlhna hmunahte chuan India mi hnahnuaihnung thawka inhlawhfa thahnem tak an awm a. Darkar tam tak tak  hnathawka chhawr an ni a, an hlawh a tlem lulai bawk si, an hnathawhna hmun hlauhawm tak takahte chuan an sahimna tur engmah anmahni ruaitute chuan an ngaihtuah sak ngai chuang bawk si lo a ni. Chung hmuna hnathawkte chuan intel khawmin pawl an din a, Trade Union pawl hrang hrang a rawn piang ta sup sup a, anmahni ruaitu sawrkar lakah chuan lungawi lovin nawrh an huaihawt fo thin a ni. Kum 1918-ah khan Ahmedabad-a puan siamchhuahna hmuna thawktute chuan hlawh sang zawk phutin nawrh an huaihawt a, anmahni ruaitu British thurualpui India mihausate chu hlawh sang zawk pe turin an kar a, Mahatma Gandhi pawhin a rawn telpui a, thih huamin chawnghei a huaihawt ta hial a ni. Chu chuan India zalenna sual kawngah boruak lian tak a rawn hring chhuak a ni.

Kum 1922, 1928 leh 1930-ah te Rel hnathawktu India mi tam takin sawrkar lakah lungawilohna leh nawrh an huaihawt bawk a, hlawh sang zawk an phut bakah dinhmun tha zawka din ve te an ngiat a ni. Heng lungawilohna an huaihawt avang hian Bristish sawrkarin rel hmanga hma an lakna kawngah harsatna lian tak tak an tawk a, an buai phah thin hle. British laka lungawilo rel hnathawkte hmalakna lian tak hian, hmun hrang hrangah zalenna sualtute tha a tih chak bakah, mipuite thinlungah thuk takin thu a sawi  darh bawk a ni.

British-in India an awp lai khan sumdawnna an kalpuina lian ber pakhat chu lawngchawlhna hmun  a ni. Lawng hmangin an ram lamah bungrua leh thil dang an thawn chhuak a, an ram lam atanga sumdawnna bungrua an siam chhuahte pawh lawng hmang thovin an rawn phur lut leh thin a ni. Chutiang a nih avang chuan lawngchawlhna hmun chu a pawimawh em em a ni. Heng hmuna inhlawhfa, India mite chuan British sawrkar lakah lungawilohna kawng hrang hrangin an lantir ve thin bawk a ni. Chung zinga langsar deuh pakhat chu kum 1930-ah khan Culcutta lawngchawlhhmuna hnathawktuten India zalenna sualtute hmalakna pakhat - Civil Disobedience Movement chu lo zawm vein, bungraw lut leh chhuak zawng zawng an ti tawp a, British sawrkar hotute lu a ti hai hle a ni. Hei bakah hian kum 1930-ah tho hian, Bombay lawngchawlhhmuna hnathawktuten lungawilohna an lan tir bawk a, British lawnglianah te bungrua an thiar lut duh lova, tin, bungraw thiarchhuah lam pawh an thawk duh lo a, ram dang atanga thawmhnaw  leh puanthan an rawn phurhte chu tuifinriatah an paih lut bawk a ni. Hetianga lungawilohna an lantirna hian, mipuite thinlungah India chuan ram dang awpna atanga talchhuaha, zalenna a neih a mamawh tawh hle tih an hriattir a, mipuite thlawpna pawh an dawng tha hle a ni.

British sawrkar lam pawhin an laka lungawilohna lantirtute hi nasa takin an chhang let a, a thente chu an hna atangin an ban a, tharum hmangin an hnawt darh a, thenkhatte phei chuan man hial an tawk a ni. Mahse, India mi, chung hmuna hnathawktute chuan sawrkarin hremna a pekte chu hlau duh lovin an theihtawpin an bei chhunzawm a, an hmalakna kawng hrang hrangte chuan India mite tana zalenna neih tul zia a rawn tarlang thin a ni.

4. Eng nge kan hriatreng tur ni ta ang?  Vawiina India zalenna neih champha kan hman mekah hian  zalenna sualtu zingah hian sawi lan hlawh tam ngai vak loh hna hnuaihnung thawktu – loneitu, kuthnathawktute leh thil siamchhuahna leh rel leh lawng chawlhhmuna hnathawktute pawhin an theihna kawng hrang hrang hmangin, tha an lo thawh ve a ni tih hi kan hriatreng a tul a ni. India zalenna neih champha kum 80-na kan hman mekah hian, mi ropui leh hruaitu langsar tak takte hnathawh kan hriatreng rual chiah hian, hmun hrang hranga hna hnuaihnung thawktute pawhin nasa takin tha an lo thawh ve tho a ni tih hi, i theihnghilh lo ang u. Anni hmalakna avang hian zalenna sual lai khan hruaitute chauh nilovin, mipui nawlpuite tel ve theihna tur hun pawimawh tak tak a rawn piang chhuak a, hna sang ber atanga hna hnuaihnung ber thawktute pawhin, lungrual takin anmahni zawn theuhah an bei a, a tawpah chuan India chuan zalenna a lo nei thei ta a ni. Zalenna sualtute zingah hian loneitute, kut hnathawktute leh hna hnuaihnung thawktute tha thawh hi a nep bik chuang lo a, an hmalakna hlu tak tak hi kan hriatreng a, kan ngaihhlut sak zel pawh a pawimawh em em a ni. Independence Day hman nuam vek ule.

(He thuziak hi August ni 15, 2026 khan AIR Lunglei Station-ah Indepedence Day Talk hunah tihchhuah  a ni)