Friday, July 14, 2023

HRINGNUN ZIRLAI: HMEICHHE PAKHAT SA SEMCHHUAHNA HMUNA THAWK CHU

Ni khat chu hmeichhe pakhat sa semchhuahna hmuna thawk hi, a hna thawh tur a thawh zawh hnu chuan sa dahthatna/dahvawhna pindanah chuan va enfiah turin a lut a, mahse, reiloteah tawhsual a tawk ta tlat mai, kawngkhar chu a rawn inkhar thut a, pindan chhungah chuan tanpuitu tur reng nei loin a tang a ni ta der mai.

Kawngkhar hawnsaktu tur an awm takin tiin a theih tawpin a au vak vak a, kawngkhar chu a chum ta bur bur bawk a, nimahsela tuman a thawm ri chu an rawn hre pha si lo. Hnathawktu dang ho lah chu an haw deuh vek tawh bawk si, chu pindan vawt pawn lam atang chuan pindan chhunga thil thleng mek chu rawn hriat ngawt theih a ni bawk si lo a ni.

Chu hmeichhia pawh chu pindan vawt chhungah chuan thihna kotlangah a dak ta mek chu a ni ta reng mai, darkar nga a ral hnuah chuan security guard hian mak deuh maiin pindan vawt kawngkhar chu a rawn hawng ta phut a, chu hmeichhia vawt tih lutuk vanga thihna kotlang dak mek chu a rawn chhanchhuak ta a ni.

Chu hmeichhia chuan nakinah chuan security guard hnenah chuan engti tiha pindan vawt kawngkhar kha rawn hawng ta mai nge ni tih a zawt ta a, a chhan pawh chu pindan a va kal chu security guard hna pawh a ni si lo a.

He ti hian a chhang a: 

He factory-ah hian kum 35 chhung chu hna ka lo thawk ve tawh a, nitin hnathawk hlui leh thar hi an awm ve reng a, mahse, zing in lo kal leh tlai in haw dawna 'chibai/duhsakna' min  buk/hrilh ziah thin tlemte zing ami i nia, hnathawktu tam zawkte hi chuan min hmu lovin min kalpel satliah mai mai thin.

Tukin pawh khan, hnathawk tura i rawn kal khan nidang ang bawkin "hello" tiin min rawn bia kha ania, tlaia hnathawh ban a hun khan i hnen atangin "Anih aw, naktukah kan inhmu leh dawnnia" tih tawngkam ka dawng ta tlat lo a, mak ka tia, ka ngaih a tha ta zan lo a, enge maw i chungah a thleng anih ka ring ta a, chuvang chuan hmun tinah ka rawn zawng ta ringawt che a lawm. Nitin maia i hnen atanga zing lam 'chibai bukna' leh tlai haw dawna 'inmangthana tawngkam' ka hriat thinte hian mite tan hian 'mi pakhat ka ni ve a ni' tih min hriatchhuah tir thin asin.

Chhiartu duhtak, mi inngaitlawm, hmangaihna ngah leh i bul vela awmte zah nachang hre mi ni ang che. Nitina i hringnun i zawhpui thinte hnenah a tha zawngin nghawng/awmzia nei thin ang che, achhan chu maw naktukah eng nge i chungah lo thleng dawn i hre bik der si lo a.

(He thuziak, zirtir nei tha tak mai hi internet kawnglaiah ka chhar hlawl a, thiam ang tawkin Mizo tawngin ka han let ve leh rawih a ni e, a duh apiangte tana hman tangkai theih a ni e - Lalzarzoa/Zara Ralte)


Saturday, November 26, 2022

Krismas thu ngaihnawm: Pek hi a tha zawk si a

Ka kum ngaihtuah chuan Krimas a lo thlena thilpek dawn tur vel ngaihtuah chiam tur chu ka ni tawh loh tih ka hria. Kum 11 ka ni ve tawh a, unau zinga upa ber ka ni bawk a, ka nu fanu thang lian ve uaih tawh kha ka ni tlat a, chuvang chuan phusak chiam pawh chu ka insum a ngai ve tawh a ni. Chu mai bakah Middle sikul zirlai ka ni ve tawh hial bawk si. 

Amaherawhchu, hun remchang ka neiha keimah chauha ka awm chang erawh chuan kan Chritmas tree hnuaia thilpek bawm (present box) awm te chu ka belchiang thei hle thung. Bawmah chuan eng nge inziak tih te ka en a, chung bawm te chu ka khawih vel thin a, a chhungah eng nge awm ang tih te ka ngaihtuah nasa thin hle. Chutiang taka ka belhchhian thin em avang chuan a thu inziak te chu en lo pawhin thil inpek tawn hunah pawh chumi chu chumi chuan a pea tiin ka sawi thei chat chat thin.

Kan chhungkaw tan chuan kumin hi kum harsa tak a ni a. Ka nuin kan Christmas tree leh a hnuaia thil pek bawm awmte a en chang apiang chuan “kumin chuan thilpek tam kan ti thei lo ang, chuvangin tumah lungawi loh hram tum ang che u’ min ti ziah a. Kum dangah te kha chuan kan Christmas tree hnuaia thilpek bawm kan dawn te chuan kan thutkhawmna pindan te chu a awh khat ve viau thin kha ania. “Dawn aiin pek a tha zawk” tih thufingte chu hre tawh thin mah ila chutianga sawitute chuan an ngaihtuah chiang lo mai mai a ni tiin ka ngaihtuahnaah a lo awm a. Krimas anih manah thilpek dawn chu a lawm pawimawh ber zawk chu le! Urlawk zana ka muthilh that theih lohna chhan ber pawh chuvang chu a nia.

Krismas tuk a lo nih chuan ka pain “thutkhawm pindanah engkim peih a ni tawh e,” tih a rawn sawi hun nghakin pindan luhna tur pannaah chuan kan unauin nghakhlel takin kan awm far a. A rawn sawi veleh chuan rang lutukin thutkhawmna pindanah chuan kan tlan lut a, thilpek bawm tuamna te chu phur tak maiin kan phelh a, boruakah kan theh darh chuai chuai a. Thilpek bawm hawn a lo hun chuan midangin an thil dawn an hawng lai te chu kan lo thlir thap a, mahse, a rei tak deuhah chuan mahni bawm hawn ve hun chak tawh lutuk avangin kan lo insum hlei thei tawh lo a ni.

Chutianga mahni thilpek dawn theuh kan buaipui laih laih lai chuan, ka nu chuan “hei pawh hi i ta tur” a rawn tia, mak ti leh a ngaihna hre lo takin ka lo en he haw a, a bawm min pek tum chu a hma lama thilpek bawm lo belchiang fe tawh ka nih avang khan eng nge anih ka hrechiang em a ni. Chu bawm chu ka ta tur a ni lo a, ka nu dawn tur zawk a ni, mahse, ka nu chuan a thu inziahna laiah chuan a thar a lo bel a, chutah chuan ama kutziak ngei maiin ka hming a lo ziak chawp a. “Nu, ka dawng thei lo…’’ ka tia, ani chuan hmel hlim leh nghakhlel hmel em em pu chung hian min hnial a, a hmel awmdan chiah chu ka hrefiah thiam lo hial zawk. “Bawihte, eng nge a chhungah awm, han hawng thuai rawh le” min ti ta a ni.

Achhunga awm chu 'sam tih rona' a lo a ni a, midang tan chuan thil ropui tak chu niin a lang lo mai thei, ka tan erawh thilpek hlu tak a ni. Hmeichhe naupang kum 11 mi pawh ni tawh mah ila, ka lawm zia chu ka sawi thiam lo hial zawk. Ka kum lo hman tawh thin zawng zawnga thilpek tam tak ka dawn tawh thin ho ai khan ka nuin a thilpek dawn ai min pek phalna chu ka tana thil lawmawm ber a ni. Chutiang em ema ka nuin min hmangaihna a lantir ka hmuh chuan ka insum thei tawh lo, ka mittui a rawn tla ta hial a ni.

Chu ka thil tawn chuan thuk takin Krismas hi min ngaihhlut tir ta zel a nih hi. Ka lo thang lian ve zel a,  pasal neia fanau duhawm tak takte nena ka chen ho ve tak hnu hian ka nu thil tih dan kha ka hrethiam ve ta chauh a ni. Khami kum, kan chhungkaw tana kum harsat thlak tak lai pawh khan ka nu Krismas hman danah khan hlimna ropui tak ka dawng si a, chu chu, a chhan chu maw, petu nih hi a dawngtu nih aia a that zawk em vang a lo ni. Ka nu thil min tih sak tlawm tak anga lang kha, ka tan chuan engkim dang aia hlu a lo ni zawk si a.

(He Christmas thawthu ngaihnawm leh zirtir nei tha tak ziaktu hi Jennifer Yardley Barney a ni a, Chicken Soup for the Soul Publishing, LLC 2013 atanga lehlin ni, Mizote tana chhiar a nawm zawk nan a thu kalhmang hi herrem hlek a ni e - Lalzarzoa)

Saturday, March 5, 2022

COLD WAR BORUAK THLIRVELNA

Indopui II-na a lo tawp khan khawvel sawrkar liante chuan thawhho a, khawvela thiltithei ber nih tumin a ruk takin an in el thum tiin a sawi theih awm e. Chung zingah chuan US leh a thurualpui Europe sawrkar lian te leh khawchhak lamah USSR (Soviet Union) te khan chungnung zawk nih tumin khawvel sawrkar hrang hrangte thian atan an dap tawn nasa hle. Khawthlang lam US leh a thurualpuite hian mipui aiawh thlanchhuah sawrkar democracy chu khawvel damna tur niin an tlangaupui a, khawchhak lam USSR lam erawh chuan communist (mipui vantlangin thleibikna nei lova ram hausakna intawm tlanna) sawrkar na takin an kalpui thung a ni.

Cold War an ti maw?

Sawrkar lian pahnih US leh USSR te chuan sipai leh ralthuam nena indona hmachhawn si lovin, a lang lo ruamah nasa takin an iner tawn em em lawi si a, chu an inerna leh chak zawk, ropui zawk nih tuma hma an lakna boruak in khawvel a tuam chu saptawnga 'Cold War' an tih chu a ni. Mizo tawng chuan 'indona dai duk' tiin sawi ta ila, a dik ve thei mai awm a sin. A awmzia chu hmaisen inchhawn silo a, a ruka boruak dai ruih hnuaia indona tiin kan hrethiam thei awm e.

USA leh USSR inelna boruak awm 'Cold War' tia sawichhuak hmasaber chu US Politician Bernard Baruch niin sawi a ni. A tawngkam hman hi American journalist Walter Lippmann chuan la chhawngin kum 1947 lehkhabu a ti chhuak, a lehkhabu hmingah chuan 'The Cold War' tih a hmang a. He lehkhabuah hian US sawrkarin ramdanga hma a laknate chhuichiangin, USSR nena an intlansiakna boruak te chiang taka a ziah avangin 'Cold War' tih tawngkam hi khawvel pumah hriat lar a ni chho ta zel a ni.

Cold War boruak hi khawvelin a hriatthiam dan ber chu khawthlang lam ziakmite leh thuthar thehdarhtu ten sawi dan hi a ni. US chuan USSR rawn lian chho zel chu ngai thei lovin khawvel remna leh muanna atan la pawi thei turah an ngai a, chuvangin US leh an thurualpui ram te chuan sipai leh ralthuam tihpu lamah chak takin hma an la chho ta char char a ni.

Thuthlung inmil lo pahnihte khawvel

US leh USSR hian thuthlung inang lo kalpui an nei a, US lam hian democracy sawrkar hnuaiah mihausa leh sumdawng lian ten zalen taka sum an lak luh an phalrai a, USSR lam erawh chuan  communist zirtirna angin ramchhunga hausakna chu sawrkar thununna hnuaia awm tirin, hausa bik awm lovin mipuiten an thawhchhuah mil zelin an in sem tlang tur a ni tiin kalphung an zam thung a ni.

Chutianga thuthlung inang lo tak an zawm avang chuan khawthlang lam hian khawchhak lam chu hnehchhiahna hnuaia awmin an sawi a, khawthlang lam chu zalenna awmna ram niin an insawi thung. Zalenna chawisangin khawchhak sawrkar hnehchhiahna duhtu nia an sawi chu a theihna kawng tinreng a tlankhalh tumin hman an la ta thin a ni.

Thawhho pui tur an dap tawn

Cold War boruak avang hian khawthlang leh khawchhak sawrkar lian te chuan sipai leh ralthuam lama tanho pui tur neih tulin an hria a, an hmelmate laka hnehna hlado an chham theih nan khawvel huap leh an ram bial chhung huam te in thawhhona thuthlung an siam ta sup sup mai a ni. Chung zinga US hmalakna larzual te chu North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) leh South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) te hi a ni awm e. USSR lam lahin an thuthlung zawmpui ram ho te nena thawhhona tur in Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO) a siam fel a, hei hi Warsaw Pact tia hriatlar a ni. He thawhhona thuthlungah hian USSR leh Europe khawchhak ram 7 te chu an tangho ve bawk a ni. 

Warsaw Pact thuthlung ang hian USSR chuan a thawhpui ramteah hian an ei leh bar thawhchhuahna (economy) lamah pawh thuneihna a nei vek a, USSR duh dan angin an kal vek tihna a ni mai awm e. Chubakah, chung ram hrang hrangah chuan USSR hmalakna dodalna hmetmit nghal mai thei turin secret police a dah vek bawk a ni.

USSR hian a thawhpui ram te nena economy lama intanpui tawnna tur Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) a din a, he pawl hi USSR kehchhiat hma lawk June 28, 1991 khan tih tawp a ni.

Tanpuina sem lamah inelna a na

USA lam lahin khawvel ram zau zawka lamtang a neih belh zel theih nan tanpuina pek chhuah dan tur a dap reng bawk a, chung zinga hriat lar deuh pakhat chu Truman Doctrine an tih hi a ni awm e. US President Harry S. Truman chuan kum 1947 khan Greece leh Turkey ram ten USSR hmalakna vanga harsatna an tawh mek avangin, ei leh bar leh ralthuam lama tanpuina turin US Dollar maktaduai 400 pek a rem ti a ni.

Hei bakah hian Cold War laia US hmalakna langsar leh deuh chu Marshall Plan an tih hi a ni. Europe khawtlang ram ten Indopui II-na vanga economy lama harsatna an tawh tanpui nan leh an ram dinhmun an siam that leh theih hlawm nan tiin kum 1948 khan, US chuan Dollar tluklehdingawn 13 a sem chhuak a ni. A chunga kan sawi COMECON pawh kha USSR in US hmalakna Marshall Plan khinlet nana an din ve niin a rin theih a ni.

An in bihthla tawn

Cold War boruak chuan khawvel a chiah zau zel a, US lamin enthlatu pawl CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) an hmang tangkai em em a, USSR lam lahin enthlatu pawl tha tak KGB (Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti) an nei a, khawchhak leh khawthlang sawrkar liante chu heng enthlatu pawl hmang hian an khawsak dan an inenthla tawn ta zak zak mai a ni.

Cuba ramah missile bun tumna a awm

Cold War lai a US leh USSR intlansiakna leh tan lak dan hrang hrang te sawisen a ni lo hial awm e. Chung zingah chuan khawvel politic nghawr nghing dawt langsar tak pakhat chu Cuba rama USSR in missile bun an tum kh a ni. Cuba ramah Fidel Castro hovin communist sawrkar din a ni a, US chuan a ngaithei lo em em a, paihthlak dan tur ngaihtuahin an kawmserh ta hial a. Cuba lam chuan a thuthlung zawmpui USSR lamah zualkoin US lakah in vennan tiin an ramah chuan USSR in missile kahchhuahna bun a tum chu an rem ti ta mai a. USSR lam hian missile bunna tur khawl te lawnglian hmangin Cubaah an phur lut ta chur chur a, hei hi US uisathiamten lo hriain an sawisel ta nghal a. US leh USSR inkarah hian buaina liam tham a chhuak thelh a, an inrem thei ta a, USSR lam chuan Cuba rama missile bun an tum chu an thulh leh ta a ni.

Cubaah hian USSR hian missile kahchhuahna hi bun ta nise, an duh hun hunah US khawpui lian ho chu an sai pawp pawp thei tawh mai dawn a, chu chu US President J.F Kennedy khan na taka dodalin ti tawp turin thu a pe ta a ni.

Afghanistan lamah pawh an la inep ta zel

Cold War boruak kal zelah hian kum 1978 khan USSR chuan Afghanistana PDPA sawrkar tanpui nan sipai a tir lut a, US lamin sawrkar paihthlak tuma helpawl pasarih intelkhawm IUAM te chu a thawhpui ve bawk a, sawkar lian pahnih te hian Afghanistan buaiah pawh hian ralthuam, sum leh pai bakah sipai an seng tawn hnem viau a ni.

Cold War hun tawp lam

A tawi zawngin sawi ta ila, kum 1991 a USSR a lo kehchhiat takah khan US leh USSR inkara Cold War chu a lo tawp ta niin mi tam tak chuan an sawi thin a ni.

USSR kehchhiat tak hnu hian Europe khawchhak lama tunhmaa USSR tawhpui thin ramte khan communist rorelna te paihthlain democracy sawrkar an din chho ta zel a, European Union leh NATO ah te member anni ta hlawm a, hei hi USSR kehchhia atanga ramlian ber Russia chuan a ngaimawh khawp mai a, an ramri hnaiha European Union leh NATO ten bu an rawn khuar tur chu an ngai thei ta lo zel chu anih hi. Cold War chu a tawp tawh niin sawi ni mahsela, a zungzam erawh tunlaia Russia leh Ukraine buaiah hian a la in zam tih a lang reng mai.

Khawvelah hian mihringte hi sang zawk, chak zawk, ropui zawk, thiltithei zawk nih tumin kan intlansiak suau suau a, ram hausakna pawh ralthuam leh sipai te hman turin kan seng nasa narawh e. Ngun taka ngaihtuah chuan Pathian thilsiam zingah hian mihringte hi mahni anpuite laka hleilenna kalpui nasaber leh tul hauh lova midangte chunga thuneihna pumhmawm duh ber kan ni hial lo maw le? 

Kan Pathian thu in "Miin khawvel hi a pumin nei sela, a nun chan si sela, a tan engnge sawt ang?" a tih ang deuhin, khawvelah hian cheng kumkhua tur kan ni silo a, engtikniah emaw chuan lo boral vek tur kan ni. Chuvangin kan damchhung theuhah hian "remna leh muanna" hi i chawinung zel zawk ang u.

- Zara Ralte

Tuesday, March 1, 2022

USSR KHA ENGTIA KEHDARH TA MAI NGE?

USSR chu engtia lo awm nge?

Khawvela sawrkar lian ber leh ram zau ber ni thin USSR kehchhiat chhan kan sawi hmain USSR rawn awm dan sawi hmasa phawt ila. Russia ramah khian tunhma chuan lal neiin rorelna kalpui thin a ni a, an lalte hi history bu a Tsar/Czar tia kan hriat thin te kha an ni. Kum 1917 - 1923 chhunga October Revolution (Bolshevik Revolution) a lo chhuah khan heng an lalte rorelna hi paihthla in hruaitu ropui Vladimir Lenina hovin sawrkar thar an din dan tur an ngaihtuah ta a. Lenina ho hian tunhmaa a hranga rorelna nei thin - Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian leh Byelorussian hote chu ram pakhatah intelkhawmin kum 1922 khan Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) chu an din ta tiin a tawi zawngin a sawi theih mai awm e.

USSR sawrkar chu eng nge a nih chiah?

USSR an din takah ah hian an hruaitu ropui Vladimir Lenina chuan an ram economy than that theih nan New Economic Policy a rawn kapuia, chutah chuan economic tawngkama free market leh private property a rawn kalpui a, chumi awmzia chu zalen taka sumdawn theihna leh mimal te pawn an duh zawng bungrua leh sum leh pai anmahniin an nei thei tihna a ni ber awm e.

Lenina hi kum 1924 ah a thi a, Joseph Stalin chu roreltu a rawn ni chho a, ani erawh hi chuan khawng takin rorelna a rawn kalpui ta thung a, an ram economy pawh mimal ten zalen taka kalpui lovin sawrkar khuahkhirhna hnuaia (command economy) awm turin a dah a, tin, Communist party ah pawh a thu zawm thei lote chu a ban vek bawk. Ani hian USSR chu thilsiamchhuah lama nasa takin a kalpui a, tihluihna in mipuiten hna an thawh angai a, sawrkar thuawih loh te chu nataka hrem emaw tihhlum an ni mai thin.

Tiang chuan communist ram tih takah sawrkar duh dan angin khawng takin rorelna kalpui a ni a, an ram ei leh bar leh hmasawnna kalpui dan zawng zawng chu Communist rorelna sang ber Politburo ho kutah a awm vek a, mipuiten sawi theih an nei ve lo a ni. Sumdawnna leh thilsiamchhuahna lam te, buh leh bal tharchhuah lama hmalakna zawng zawngah te sawrkar in thu a neih vek bakah sawrkar duhdan ang chauhin hma lak thin a ni. India rama kan duh ang anga eizawnna kawng kan zawh ang hi chu a ni lo tih hria ila, i duh emaw duh lo emaw sawrkarin tih tur a tih chu tui lo deuh chung pawhin i thawh angai. Lo neitute pawhin an duh ang thlai an ching thei ngawt lo, sawrkarin chin tur a tih chauh chin theih a ni.

Engtia kehdarh ta mai nge?

USSR kehdarh tak nachhan hi sawi tur tam tak a awm thei a, a chhan chu chumi ber chu a ni tia han malmak fak tur hi sawi thiam a har khawp mai. Chhan hrang hrang a awm thei awm e.

Eitur aiin Silai

A pakhatna atan chuan a chunga kan sawi lan tawh ang hian USSR chu communist ram tih takah mipuiten duhthlan theihna an nei tlem hle a, eizawnna leh hmasawnna hna thawh kawngah sawrkar thu thu a ni mai a, chung avang chuan, an ram hruaitu ten mipui duhzawng lam aiin ram himna leh chakna tur lam an ngaipawimawh zawk a, an sawi thin dan takah 'eitur aiin silai an duh zawk' a ni.

USSR hian gas leh tuialhthei lamah hausakna nasa tak a nei a, chungte avang chuan a hunlai chuan khawvela sawrkar chak leh hausaber zinga a mi a ni thin a, amaherawhchu, mipuiten chung hausakna te chu anmahni tan an hmang ve thei lem lo a, sawrkar kutah vek ram hausakna a awm avangin thang lo thar zel ten zalen zawka awm a, hausakna leh eizawnna thawh te an lo duh ve a, an ram kalphung duhkhawp lohna a lo awm ta a ni.

Gorbachev-a hmalakna a hlawhtling lo

Kum 1985 khan USSR chuan hruaitu thar Mikhail Gorbachev an nei ta a, ani hian ram kalphung thar rawn duang chhuakin hmalakna lian tak pahnih perestroika leh glasnost hmangin hma a la a.

Perestroika tih awmzia chu communist leh capitalist economic system zuia hmalakna tihna  a ni. Sawrkar khuahkhirhna hnuaiah mimal hausa ten hmalakna an nei thei ta a ni. Chutiang chuan mimal hausa leh sumdawng ten an duh zat zat an siamchhuakin an zuar chhuak thei ta tiin a sawifiah theih awm e. Sawrkar rorelnaah pawh zalen leh huam zau zawkin kawngka an hawng a, communist party mi leh ni lo te pawh an tel ve phal sak an ni.

Glasnost tih awmzia ve thung chu a ha zawnga sawrkarin mimal zalenna a hupbeh sak thin ang thiahna a ni awm e. Mipui ten duh duh sawi theihna atana zalenna te, sakhuanaa zalen taka kalpui te phal a ni ta a, sawrkarin mi tang tam tak a chhuah a, chanchinbu leh TV te pawhin an duh ang zawng tih chhuah theihna zalenna te pawh pek anni.

Gorbachev-an mipui te zalenna a pek tak hi USSR hian a tuar ta a, a chhan pawh chutia mipui ten zalenna zau zawk an lo neih takah chuan, communist sawrkar khirh takin a lo khapbehna thin, an ram kalphung an lo nin em em te chu langsar takin mipuiten an rawn au chhuahpui ta a, USSR kaldan chu thlak duhna a lo awm ta a ni.

Hetiang anih mek lai hian kum 1986 khan Chernobyl Nuclear Plant ah chhiatna a thleng a, mipui tam takin he chhiatna hi an tuar a, mahse, Gorbachevan zalen takin thil kalpui a ni ang a lo tih tawh chu he thil thlengah hian sawrkarin a zep leh tlat a, a hnu ni 18 ah he chhiat tawh thu a puang chhuak ta chauh a ni. He thil thleng hian mipui ten USSR sawrkar kaldan chu sawiselna leh paihthlak duhna a rawn hring chhuak nasa hle.

USSR in zalenna duh te a ral thlir em ni?

USSR ah hian hnam hrang hrang leh sakhuana hrang hrang be tute an awm khawm a, anni ho hian an mahni chenna ram theuh leh sakhuana te chu zalen zawka kalpui a, mahni hnam bila awm duhna a lo awm bawk. Gorbachevan zalenna zau zawk a hawn takah hian remchangah la in, USSR a awm khawm hnam tenau zawk te chuan inlak hrana mahnia awm chu an lo duh ta hlawm a, chutiang anga hma la an awm chuan sawrkar lamin chuti lutuk a tihtawp tuma hma a lak tak lohah chuan inpumkhatna lam aiin inlakhran lam hawi zawngin thil a kal chho ta a ni.

USSR a tel ve chiah lo, an tanrualpui ram dang abikin Europe khawchhak lam ramah te communist sawrkar paihthlakna te a lo awm chho a, chungah chuan USSR Gorbacheva kaihhruai chuan tih tawp tuma hmalakna lian tham an neih loh avang leh an ral thlir deuh tawp thin takah chuan USSR atanga indan duh an lo pung ta zel bawk a ni.

USSR sipai chakna a thlahniam

Gorbachevan economic lama zalen zawka hmalakna a hawn tak avang hian sipai lama hmalaknaah pawh nghawng a nei lian hle. Kum 1985 - 1991 khan USSR sipai awm zat chu maktaduai 5.3 atangin 2.3 ah an tlahniam a ni.

Sipai heti taka an thlahniam hi a chhhan a awm a, Gorbachev hian an ram hmasawnnan khawthlang sawrkar te biak thata thahwpui an ngai tih a hria a, anni khawthlang sawrkar ho, abikin US chuan ralthuam leh sipai lama hmalaknate hi tih tlem a, remna leh muanna lam kawnga kal turin thawh hona neih an lo duh tho sia, tichuan USSR lamah pawh sipai leh ralthuam lama hmalakna te tih tlem a ni ta a ni.

Tin, USSR in kum 1979 - 1989 chhunga Afghanistan an run khan an ram hausakna in a tuar nasa em em a, an zuk beih te ber kha US leh an tanrualpuiten an lo thlawp ve si a, tul lovah ram hausakna a kalral nasa a, sipai tam tak in nunna an chan bakah hliampui tur thahnem tak an awm a, hei hian USSR kehdarhna turin nasa takin nghawng a nei bawk. USSR sipai Afghanista zul rammu te hi atawpah chuan Gorbacheva hmalakna sawisel nasa ber tu te an rawn ni ta a ni.

Afghanistan-a USSR in sipai tam tak a chan avang hian sipai leh ralthuam lamah chak takin hma lak a lo har phah a, kum 1989 - 1991 chhung a USSR chhunga zalenna sual Georgia, Azerbaijan leh Lithuania te chu sipai chaknaa tih mih theih annih tak loh avangin zalenna an neih phah ta a ni.

Hun hnuhnung a rawn her chhuak tan

Hetiang thil a thlen chhoh tak mawlh mawlh avang hian USSR hruaitu Gorbacheva duh khawp lohna a lo nasa telh telh a, August 1991 ah amah paihthlak tumna a lo awm a, nithum chhung pawn chhuak thei lovin hual beh a ni a, amah paihthlak tumtute hi hlawhtling ta chiah lo mahse USSR sawrkar tihtawp duhna boruak erawh khap beh theih a ni ta lo.

Gorbacheva hi a mi rinber zinga mi Boris Yeltsin-an a phatsan kha USSR kehdarhna tura thil pawimawh tak a ni bawk. Boris Yeltsin chu USSR a rorelna sang ber politburo atanga a ban hnuin Gorbacheva kaihhruai USSR sawiselna leh dodalna nasa takin a kalpui chhunzawm a. Tichuan, tuna Russia lo ni ta, USSR chhunga ram zau ber Russian Federation ah President a rawn ni ta a, USSR hnuaia sawrkar hnathawk leh mi pawimawh te chu a lamtangah a siam chho ta a, November 1991 ah chuan Yeltsin chuan Russia federation huam chhungah Communist Party hming a hmalakna reng reng khap anih thu a puang a. Hemi hnu hian USSR hnuaia awm sawrkar tenau dang Ukraine leh Belarus te biain  USSR sawrkar chu tihtawp puiah a sawm ta a ni. 

Tichuan, heng USSR hnuaia sawrkar tenau (India rama state sawrkar kan tih ang deuh hi) pathum Russia, Ukraine leh Belarus te chuan December ni 8, 1991 ah USSR chu tihtawp a nih thu an ziak fel ta a ni.

USSR hruaitu Mikhail Gorbachev chuan December 25, 1991 khan USSR hruaitu lu ber anihna atanga a ban thu a puang a, president thuneihna a kawl mek chu Russian Federation president Boris Yeltsin hnenah a hlan ta a ni. Chumi tuk December 26-ah Council of the Republics chuan USSR chu a tawp ta tiin an nemnghet a, USSR a awm thin ram hrang hrang te chu independent ram anni ta tih an pawm fel nghal bawk. December 31, 1991 zanlaiah chuan USSR chu offial taka tih tawp hlen a lo nita a ni.

Thubelh

Communist sawrkar emaw Communism tih hi a awmzia mawlmang taka sawifiah dan chu, sawkarin ram a kaihrhuaina/enkawlnaah mimal in ram neih te, thil siamchhuahna (factory/industry) ang chi te a theih loh a, chung chu sawrkar emaw mipui vantlang thuhnuaiah vek awmin, a hlawkna pawh an thawh ang zelin mimalin an chang tlang thin a ni. Mimal inhaivurna leh mimal hausak thur thur te, mimal duh ang anga eizawnna kawng zawh ve ngawt te a theih ve loh tihna a ni ber awm e.

- Zara Ralte

Sunday, February 27, 2022

Ukraine buai a lanna tlang dang

Nuclear ralthuam Ukraine in a chan
1991 a USSR a kehchhiat tak hnu khan Ukraine hi khawvela nuclear power nei tam ram zinga a 3-na a ni thin. A chhan pawh USSR hunlai a an nuclear siamchhuahna hmunpui leh an nuclear ralthuam dahthat te kha an chhawm a ni. Anni bakah hian USSR a awm ve thin Belarus leh Kazakhstan te pawhin nuclear ralthuam hi an kawl bawk a ni.

Chutiang taka nuclear ralthuam neitha si chuan tinge a neih tak loh tih zawhna a awm thei awm e. A nihna takah chuan Ukraine in nuclear ralthuam a neihte chu anni ang ram independent tir economy lama la sang vak lo tan chuan enkawl zawh sen chi a ni loh bakah khawthlang ram abikin US leh NATO ho ten an kawmserh te pawh a hlauhawm ve thei bawk a ni.

US chuan Ukraine ram indang thar tir maiin chutiang taka nuclear ralthuam a kawl chu a vei hle a, an ram dinhmun enin an venhim zawh loh chuan firfiak pawl emaw, hmelma kuta a luh hlauh chuan khawvel himna atan a pawi theiin an hre bawk. Chuvangin US chuan USSR kehdarh ta ram hrang hrang ho nuclear ralthuam nei ram te nen chuan an ralthuam kawl chu a him theih nana thawh hona turin Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) an sign pui a, he thawhhona hi Nunnn-Lugar Act te pawh an ti thin.

Hemi an thawhhona avang hian Russia, Ukraine, Britain leh US te chuan Budapest Memorandum of 1994 an ziak fel leh a, heng ram 4 te hian Ukraine chu eng ram pawhin beih tum ta se, tan ho a, chhan an in tiam a ni. Chumi avang chuan Ukraine pawhin nuclear ralthuam an kawl chu bansan zai relin, an ram dinhmun a tha lo nen kum 1994-1996 khan an nuclear ralthuam kawlte chu a neitu dik tak Russia hnenah an thawn kir ta vek a ni. (USSR hunlai khan Ukraine hi Europe ramri hnaih anih avangin Ukraine ah hian invennan nuclear siamchhuahna leh ralthuam te hi an chhawp anih a rinawm).

US leh Ukraine in an thil tih fuh loh deuh lo lang chhuak ta chu, Ukraine atanga nuclear ralthuam Russia hnena an pe let ta kha a ni. Ukraine in nuclear ralthuam an kawl tak lohah chuan Russia hian cho chikim a cho ta anih tak ber hi maw. 

Kan hriat ve mai mai atan USSR hunlaia siamchhuah nuclear ralthuam Ukraine in a kawl chhunzawm tak te kha anihna takah chuan a hman dan tur secret code kha Russia hian a kawl vek sia, Ukraine tan tak pawh pek let mai kha a thatna lai te pawh a awm tho mai.

China in Ukraine buai a hlawkpui angem?
Tuna Ukraine buaina hi China hi a hlawkpui ber tur te zing ami a ni thei tlat. Achhan pawh Russia hi Ukraine a run avang hian khawthlang sawrkar lian ten economy lamah an hrek chho ta mawlh mawlh sia, chutih lai chuan Russia in a thawhpui ber ram zinga mi chu China hi a ni. Hetiang anih mek lai hian China hian a lang apauin Russia hi a tan duh vak chuang lo a, a chhan chu khawthlang ramte tih lawm a mamawh tho a, khawthlang ram ten China in Russia a tan pung pung lo tih an hriat chuan sumdawnna leh thildanga thawh honaah China hi an rawn be tha dawn in a rinawm. Chu chu China tana thil hlawk tak a ni ang.

Chubakah, Russia in Ukraine a run mekah hian NATO leh EU ten Ukraine rinaia an chhan nat lutuk tak loah chuan China tan remchanga Taiwan run lo ngai ta se, khawthlang sawrkar liante rilru put hmang a hriat ruak theih hmel a, China tan inbuatsaih thiam awl tak tur a ni thei tho bawk.

Russia tan Ukraine hi pawimawh deuh mai ania
Hmannia Russia in Ukraine a run chhan kan sawi hawnnaa kan sawi telh loh pakhat pawimawh deuh chu Ukraine hi Russia tan chuan Europe nena an inrina hnaih a awm anih avang hian an ram himna atan a pawimawh hle bawk. Ukraine sirah mai hian Black Sea (tuipui dum) a awm a, chu chu Russia tan lawng sipai leh indo lawng inchhawpna atan a pawimawh em em a ni. Ukraine hian NATO zawmin European Union zawm ta se, Black Sea ah hian NATO sipaite an rawn inchhawp anga, reiloteah Russia chu awlsam takin an bei thei mai dawn a, Russia tan humhim tih makmawh angai.

Black Sea hi Russia tana  pawimawh zualna chu an ram hnaiha tuifinriat/tuipui an hman theihna ho thenkhat hi a tui a vawh hlawm lutuk avangin a tui a khang a, thla 4/5 te indo lawng han chhawp chhuah theihna tur a ni thin lo a, Black Sea erawh a tui a vawh ve loh avangin kumtluanin a hman theih thung a ni. Russia hian USSR kehchhiat hnu khan Ukraine nen hian inremna siamin Black Sea a indo lawng te a va chhawp ve thei a, mahse, kum 2014 a Russia lam tang President Viktor Yanukovych an paihthlak tak hnu khan Russia hian Black Sea hman ve theihna tura inremna hi Ukraine hian a tihtawp a hlau a, chuvangin an thawhpui theih mi Ukraine sawrkar kaihruai thei tur neih hi an mamawh hle.

Russia hian US lam hi hlau vak lo em ni?
Russia in US leh a thawhpui te a hlauh vak lohna chhan langsar tak chu, Europe ram ho te hian gas an lakluh tam ber hi Russia atangin a ni. Kum 2006 leh 2009 pawh khan Russia hian an gas pipeline hi an ti tawp thut mai a, Europe mipui maktaduai tel teh meuh chu thlasika inchhung tihlumna nei lovin an awm phah hial. US hian Europe ram ten Russia atanga gas an lalut nasa hi chhawk tumin US atanga gas an pe thei tiin an zuar ve a, mahse, Europe ho tan chuan US atanga gas lakluh chu Russia atanga an lakluh atanga chhutin 40% a man a to dawn si a ni.

Khawthlang ram ten eonomy lama Russia an hrek vak vak hian Russia chauhin an tuar lo a, a hrektu ram te tan pawh hian channa nasa tak a ni  tho. Hman kuma Russia in Crimea an run avanga US leh an tanrualpuiten Russia an hrek khan IMF in an chhut dan chuan Russia GDP kha 1 - 1.5 % bakin a tlahniam chuang lo a, chuvangin Russia hrek vak vak hi Europe khawchhak lam tan chuan economy lama tawrhna a ni tel ve thei zel a ni.

US leh EU ho in Russia nena in sumdawn tawnna an ti tawp vek anih chuan Europe ram tam tak abikin Finland, Bulgaria leh Greece te hian an gas lakluh 60% chu an chan angai dawn a, chuvangin Russia nena thawhho loh chuan an chan tur hi a nasa ve khawp mai. Heng zawng zawngah hian Russia in gas a supply na pipeline hi Ukraine kaltlang vek a ni si a, Ukraine ram hi Russia tan chuan an thawhpui theih sawrkar neih a tul em em a ni.

A chunga kan sawi thil hrang hrang te atang hian Russia tan hian Ukraine hi a pawimawh zia chu a hriat theih mai awm e. Chuvangin an hmelma ber US leh an tanrualpui EU ho nena Ukraine an thawhho chuan an ram himna atan hian a pawi nasa mai dawn sia, an uipui tuilian thlir thei ta mai mai lo a ni e.

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Thubelh
*UN Security Council chuan Ukraine chungchang ngaihtuah tur hian India ram sana a naktuk zing 1:30 ah thutkhawm an nei dawn. Ukraine president chuan UN Security Council a Russia in President hna a chelh mek chu thlak angai tiin a sawi chhuak.

*Ukraine minister sawi danin Russia hian tun buainaah hian sipai 4,300 an chan tawh a, tank 147 an hloh tawh bawk a ti. UN report ah chuan tun buaina avang hian Ukraine civil mi 240 in hliam an tuar a, mi 64 in nunna an chan tawh.

*Russia President Vladimir Putin chu Russia in Ukraine a run avangin International Judo Federation (IJF) chua an honorary president atangin an suspend.

- Zara Ralte

Thursday, February 24, 2022

ENGVANGIN NGE RUSSIA IN UKRAINE A RUN?

A bul thum atangin aw:

USSR kha kan la hria ang tiraw? Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) ah khan ram 15 an awm khawm thin a, heng ho hi socialist sawrkar 1 hnuaia awm khawm thin annih kha. Chung zingah chuan Ukraine pawh hi a tel ve thin a ni. Kum 1991 December thla khan USSR chu a lo kehchhe ta a, Russia, Ukraine leh Belarus te chuan USSR chu kehchhe mahse ramdang dawrna (foreign affairs) leh ram venhimna (defence) lamah erawh thawh hona thuthlung siamin Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) hnuaia thawh ho chhunzawm zel an rem ti a. CIS ah hian USSR atanga indangta ram zawng zawng Georgia tih loh chu an tel leh ta vek a ni.

Ukraine in buaina a tawk tan:

Ukraine ramah hian USSR atanga an indan tak hnu khan Russia ngaina pawl leh European Union lam ngaina pawl an awm a. Kum 2013 November thla khan Ukraine President Viktor Yanukovych chuan European Union nena thawh hona tur chu a hnawl a, hemi duhlohtu te hian dodalna nasa tak an huaihawt a, Russia in Yanukovych chu a rawn tan a, US leh Europe ram ten dodaltute chu an rawn tan thung a ni. He buaina hi Euromaidan ti te pawhin an sawi thin.

A tawi zawngin sawi ta ila, he buaina avang hian Ukraine President Yanukovych chuan an ram a tlanchhiat sanin Russia ah a biru ta a, dodaltu te chuan sawrkar thar an din ta a ni. Chu sawrkar thar chuan European Union nena thawh hona turin hma a la chho ta nghal a ni.

Russia in Crimea a run:

Ukraine in European Union nena thawhhona tur an buaipui mek lai chuan Ukraina ram peng khat Crimea chu Russia thawhpui duhtu lam pawl ten an bei thut a, Russia in ralthuam leh sipai te rawn tanpuiin kum 2014 October thla khan Crimea chu Russia thuhnuaiah a awm ta a ni.

Ukraine khawchhak lam te an hel:

Russia in Crimea a lak tak avang hian Ukraine ram khawchhak lam Donbas regiona helpawl Russia in a thawhpuite chuan buaina an rawn chawkchhuak tan a. Helpawlte hian Ukraine sawrkar lakah zalenna puangin Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics ram din an tum ta a ni. Ukraine chuan he thil thleng hi bengdaih tumin sipai leh ralthuam nen na takin a bei let a, Russia lahin helpawl te hi a thawhpui mai bakah a sipai te a tir lut ve ta zel a ni. He buaina hi a han reh leh deuh vang vang a, a khat tawkin an buai chho ta zel a ni.

Tunlai buaina:

Nikum 2021 January thla khan Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelenskyy chuan US President Joe Biden hnenah NATO (US leh a thawhpui te sipai leh ralthuam lama tangrual pawl) an zawm ve theihna tura tanpui turin a ngen a. Hei hi Russia chuan a ngaithiam lo em em a, Ukraine ramri hnaiah a sipaite a tir ta nghal a ni.

Buaina chu a in mung zel a, NATO bakah European Union a tel ram ten Ukraine chhan nan aw an rawn nei lian zel a, Russia lahin an ram thenawm, an chipui nia an ngaih Ukraine chu khawthlang sawrkar tangrual pawl te zawm lo turina  duh si a, an thawm an ti lian tawn ve ve zel a, ti hian tuna buaina hi a lo alh chhuak ta a ni tiin a sawi theih awm e.

Awlsam taka kan hriatfiah theih dan tur chu, Mizoram hi kehdarhin independent ram hrang hrangah awm ta ila, a kehdarh zinga a ram lian ber chuan a te zawk te chu a lam tang chhunzawm tur leh thawh ho pui atan la duh reng se la, a ram te zawk te erawh chuan tawh ho pui duh loin ram dang daih thawhpui duh ta ni sela, chumi avang chuan buaina lo awm ta se tih ang vel a ni e. 

A tawp nan, he Ukraine buainaah hian India chuan Russia hi a dem zawngin aw zuk chhuah duh miah lo a. A chhan pawh Russia leh India tunhma atanga inthian tha tak anni a, khawthlang ramten India chu a tan zawk tilang tura an kar deuh pawn 'kan neutral e' an ti tlat.

- Zara Ralte


Monday, February 21, 2022

Midangte nena kan nunhona atana thil pawimawh

1. Phone ah mi i call in a zawnin vawi 2 aia tam call suh, i phone a lo la lo anih chuan thil dang pawimawh a ti mek pawh a ni thei tih ngaihtuah ṭhin ang che. 

2. Mi pawisa i puk sak chuan i pukna ten pe tawh tura an hrilh hma chein rul ṭhin ang che. Chu chuan mi rintlak inih leh nih loh leh i mizia dik tak a tarlang tih hria ang che. Chutiang bawkin thil dang mi ta inhawh emaw hmansak pawhin ti ṭhin ang che. 

3. Miin eitur a thlawna an khilai che in man to tak tak chah/ei kher tum suh ang che. 

4. Mi nena in inbiakin heng zawhna chhan nuam lo tak tak ang chi hi zawh ching suh: 'nupui/pasal i la nei lo a ni maw?', 'fa inla nei lo a mi?', 'Chenna tur in inla sa/nei lo a mi?', 'car i la lei lo a maw?'. Dik tak chuan maw, heng i zawh ṭhin te hi i lo buai ve na tur a awm lo nasa ania. 

5. I hnungah tupawh lo lut/chhuak tur awm se kawngka lo hawnsaktuah ṭang ṭhin ang che. Hmeichhia emaw mipa, upa emaw naupang pawh nise tihsak vek ang che. Vangtlang zinga midang chunga that i chhuah hian i hniam bik ta riau tihna a ni ngai lo ania. 

6.I thian nen taxi in chuan dun anih a, chuan man a pek kep che anih chuan, a dawt lehah a petu zawk nih tum ve ṭhin ang che. Ṭhiante kep bik reng nih hi thil zahthlak a ni. 

7. Ngaihdan/thlirdan hrang lo awm ve te hi ngaih pawimawh thiam tur. I mita a lan dan a number 6 hi midang nangmah epchiaha awm tan chuan number 9 ang pawhin a lang thei tih hria ang che. Chubakah, ngaihdan dang lo awm ve te hi rilru siamna/duhthlan tur zawk tichiangtu atan a tha ve hrim hrim. 

8. Mi thil sawi laiin lo tih tawp sak suh ang che. An duh tawk sawi tir la, an sawi chu ngaihthlak sak vek la, nangman ṭha i tih chin chu i rilruin i thlifim mai zawk dawnnia. 

9. Mi i fiam/sawisak in an lawm vak lo nia i hriat chuan, tawp nghal la, ti chhunzawm suh ang che. 

10. Miin thil an tih pui emaw an tanpui che in "ka lawm e" tih nachang hre ṭhin ang che.
 
11. Mi zingah fak la, sawiselna tur a awm chuan amalin hrilh ṭhin ang che. 

12. Mi taksa awmdan i lo sawi chhuah sak ve na chhan tur hi a vang hle. "I nalh lutuk" ti mai ṭhin la, an duh leh intih cher/thau chungchang an sawi duh chuan anmahni zawkin an rawn sawi chhuak mai ang. 

13. Miin an phone a mi thlalak an entir chein nangma thuin a dawt emaw a hmalama mi hmehsawn ve ngawt ching suh. Chu thlalak dawtah chuan i hmuh atana a duh loh deuh pawh a lo awm thei. A zahna i siam mai mai. 

14. I bulah miin daktawr rawn a tum thu a sawiin a rawn duh chhan zawt kher suh, "ni e, rawn rawh, i that pui ngei ang" ti sak mai tur. I zawh chik vangin a rilru i ti hrehawm thei tih hria la, i hriat atan a duh chuan aman a hrilh mai zawk ang che. 

15. Hna hnuaihnung thawk te hi hnasang thawkte i zah ang tho in zah ang che. I aia hnuai zawkte laka i sual viau hian tuma thinlungah i tla na ngai chuang lo. Mahse, zah taka i dawr chuan an ngaisang hlau thung ang che. 

16. Miin hmun leh hmuna a biak lai che a phone lo khawih/en san daih hi chindan mawi lo tak a ni. 

17. Miin an zawt/nge che anih loh chuan thurawn pe ve ringawt ṭhin suh.

18. Mi nen hun rei tak hnua in inhmuhin anmahniin an sawi chhuak anih loh chuan an kum leh hlawh zat zawt ve ngawt suh ang che. 

19. Nangmaah pawimawhna a nei ve anih hran loh chuan midang thil tihah in rawlh/lo buai ve ngawt suh. I hna/thiltihah khan buai la a tawk viau. 

20. Khawlai/kawtthler vela midang i biak in i sunglass bun kha la thla ṭhin ang che. I biakte kha i zah/ngaihsak tihna a ni e.  Chu bakah i biaka chua mit a i enkar kha ṭawng tluk zetin a pawimawh tih hria ang che.

21. Nang aia rethei zawkte zingah i hausak zia sawi chiam suh chutiang bawkin fa nei ve thei lo te bulah i fate chanchin sawi chiam ching suh ang che.

22.Thuchah/thu thawn tha tak i chhiar zawhin "i thu min thawn avangin ka lawm e" ti let thin ang che. Midang kan fak hian kan neih/hriat ngai loh thil lawmawm kan neih/hriatna awlsam ber a lo ni ṭhin an tia lawm.

(He thu hi Ranjan Mishra an Fb a post ania, a ṭha ka ti em a, kan ṭawng a remchan dan leh kan hriatthiam theih dan turin ka han chhawp chhuak ve tawp a ni e. Lo hmang tangkai ve ngei ang che)

A video a en duh tan:

HRINGNUN ZIRLAI: HMEICHHE PAKHAT SA SEMCHHUAHNA HMUNA THAWK CHU

Ni khat chu hmeichhe pakhat sa semchhuahna hmuna thawk hi, a hna thawh tur a thawh zawh hnu chuan sa dahthatna/dahvawhna pindanah chuan va e...